Vol. (18), Issue (2), Rabi II 1446 AH- October 2024

Abstract   This study aims to investigate the extent to which artificial neural network models, specifically sequence-to-sequence (Seq2seq) models, can recognize Arabic morphophonological changes that occur to the lemma. The study focuses on four phonetic changes governed by the rules of Arabic verbal phonology. The results of this study reveal the ability of these models to learn phonological rules and recognize the contexts that constrain them. The model achieves a high accuracy when we test it on new datasets not encountered during the training process. Such results demonstrate the ability of sequence-to-sequence (Seq2seq) models to generalize over the contexts and learn phonological rules, despite the variation and the complexity in Arabic verbal system. This confirms what has been pointed out by previous studies conducted on morphological and phonological phenomena from other languages. Keywords : phonetic changes, phonological rules, Arabic verb, neural networks, sequence models.

Abstract     The study explores the elements of Shukri Ayyad’s criticism renewal project, and how this project resonates among his contemporaries and successors. It explores the implications of this rhetorical critical structure in the writings of the predecessors, establishing his humanitarian project based on linking the critic with taste and value, and all these elements with beauty and its perception, using the descriptive analytical approach. It also discusses Shukri Ayyad’s opinions and concepts as based on innovative project which investigates heritage and studying criticism in the present by formulating a vision for the future of creativity, relying on the opinions of rhetorical researchers, taking into account their role in enriching the modern critical lesson. The study is based on persuasion via monitoring the relationships between Ayyad and his peers, his opinions that are based on exception and the rejection of the dominance of the standard whatsoever. The findings showed the critical artistry that characterizes Ayyad’s criticism, and it is a dynamic state, and his project is based on the creative text and not the critic, while highlighting a special interest in taste. Keywords: Shukri Ayad - Rhetoric - Renewal - Criticism – Reasoning.

Abstract   This above-titled research has an introduction including the current study significance, scope, and structure, objectives, and methods (descriptive-analytical), and previous studies; a preface about the Prophet’s eloquence -peace be upon him- and his stylistic characteristics in hadith; a section addressing the style of briefness among the fundamentalists and linguists, and a section addressing the connotations thereof in the prophetic discourse context; and a conclusion with the most prominent results. The grammarians and rhetoricians did not state the term “briefness” or its types and methods; it was referred to as specialness, exclusiveness, and exception. The basic meaning of “ ʔinnamaa ” is exclusiveness, indicating that the predicate is exclusive to the subject/topic solely, and is used for priorly known information to the addressee. However, this meaning is not fixed in all situations; the context and discourse requirements expand it to other connotations that emerge from the text in which it was used. Keywords: Restriction method, ʔinnamaa , Prophetic Hadith, Rhetoric, Context.

  Abstract The research analyzes Buraidah City's urban landscape, identifying geomorphic factors impacting new neighborhood development and proposing a strategic urban growth plan. Utilizing spatial analysis tools, the study determines suitable areas for urban expansion. The study adopts both an inductive and analytical approach to achieve its goals, utilizing spatial analysis tools, including the Spatial Analyst, to identify areas viable for construction. Key findings include the extent of unsuitable land for urban uses in the new districts, covering 12.0676 square kilometers or 3.6% of the total land area, and the percentage of land requiring planning to become suitable for urban uses, which accounts for 40.2% of the total land area in the new neighborhoods. Recommendations include adopting a sectoral approach to urban growth. Keywords: Urban Development, Spatial Suitability, Urban Planning.

Abstract This study aimed at designing a scale to evaluate the participation skills in developing mental healthcare policy among clinical social workers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. An initial form of the scale was designed and the validity thereof (content, internal consistency, and external consistency) was verified. Then, the reliability of the scale was also verified via Cronbach's alpha and the split-half, after applying it to a sample thirty-three (33) clinical social workers. Hence, the final form of the scale consisted of thirty-eight (38) items, distributed as follows : needs assessment skills (10 items), communication skills (9 items), negotiation skills (9 items), and evaluation skills (10 items). Keywords : Scale, Participation skills in Policy Development, Clinical Social Workers, Mental Health Care Policy, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Abstract The study discussed the city of Yanbu Al-Nakhl, as a station on the Egyptian pilgrims’ route, by highlighting the observations documented by the historian Abdul Qadir Al -Jaziri in his book titled “The Unique and Organized Pearls in in the News of the Pilgrims and the Route to Holy Makkah”. It elucidated the security conditions in Yanbu Al-Nakhl and its impact on the passage of pilgrimage convoys, and by highlighting the economic and social impact of the pilgrimage (Hajj) on Yanbu Al-Nakhl. It concluded that Yanbu Al-Nakhl was important as a station on the Egyptian pilgrims’ route to Makkah, and illustrated that the passage of the Egyptian pilgrimage grouping ( mahmal ) accompanying the Egyptian convoy formed an important event, as the Prince of Yanbu used to go out to receive them in a solemn procession. It also showed the importance of the writings of the travelers and historians in describing the stations on pilgrimage (Hajj) route and highlighting the effect of all that on these stations. Keywords: Yanbu Al-Nakhl, pilgrimage (Hajj) route, station, Egyptian pilgrimage (Hajj), Al-Jaziri.

Abstract   This study descriptively and analytically addressed the information about the urban heritage in Riyadh documented by the Italian Marcello Mocchi in his journey to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1359 AH/1941 AD, by illustrating the factors affecting the architectural heritage of the city and studying its urban and architectural characteristics, as well as presenting examples of heritage palaces in the city. The study concluded with an emphasis that the urban heritage of Riyadh was a result of humanitarian efforts and an expression of the natural environment, which is considered the main source of building materials used by the inhabitants of the city. It also confirmed ingenuity, superiority, and mastery of local architects in the traditional architecture of the city of Riyadh, which carries the historical, cultural, and economic, and social values ​​spreading in the past, present, and future. Keywords: Urban heritage, Riyadh, journey, Marcello Mocchi, architectural elements.

Abstract   A growing number of studies have explored how students prefer Native English Speaker Teachers (NESTs) (e.g. Elyas & Alghofaili, 2019). On the other hand, research has also emerged to investigate the qualities that can help to develop an effective English teacher (e.g. Tatipang, Manuas, Wuntu, Rorintulus & Lengkoan, 2022). This paper tries to examine English teachers’ attitudes towards native-speakerism and teaching effectiveness, from the perspective of NESTs and Non-native English Speaker Teachers (NNESTs) working in Saudi Arabia. The findings reveal that an effective English teacher, as perceived by the teachers, is flexible, motivated, self-confident and builds rapport with students. Teacher participants discussed the characteristics of an effective English teacher in relation to Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) and affective qualities but without reference to linguistic background, thereby supporting the central argument of this paper: that it is not who you are but what you know and how you teach that makes you an ‘effective’ teacher of English. Keywords: Native English Speaker Teacher, Pedagogical Content Knowledge, Effective English Teacher.