Exchange of Muslim and Christian war prisoners (544-589 A.H/1149-1193 AD)

Abstract

Abstract:  The Islamic world witnessed a brutal attack at the end of the 5^th century AH /11^th century AD. The attack, known as the Crusades, led to the formation of political entities in the Levant, near the Muslim properties. Between the expansion of these entities and the Muslim resistance, prisoners were taken from both sides. The methods and types of captivity varied. It ranged from direct military operations, raids, and ground and maritime operations. The prisoners were from different categories including military leaders, soldiers, merchants, travelers, pilgrims, and common people. Each side tried to use prisoners in many ways including exchange. Various motives stood behind this exchange including the importance of the captive, the need for money, and the need for the services of the captives from both opposing sides. The operations of exchange were either swap exchange or in return for money. They were achieved in accordance with specific mechanisms that enabled both parties to complete the exchange and save their prisoners.