.غلاف العدد ( قواعد النشر - الهيئة الاستشارية - هيئة التحرير - فهرس العدد )

: This research is concerned about compiling the rest of the texts of the book (Dha al-Qad) by Ibn Jinni, and introducing the book, which is considered to have been lost. The research adopted an investigative approach to gather all citations and adaptations from this book in various sources. Hence, it appeared in two sections. I dedicated the first section to study the book (Dha al-Qad), where I discussed the title of the book, its attribution to Ibn Jinni, its subject, stuff, scientific value and impact. In the second section, I collected what I could obtain from the texts of the book (Dha al-Qad) and arranged them in a manner adequate enough to give a picture of the book and its content. It appeared from these texts that Ibn Jinni compiled this book from the words of his teacher Abu Ali al-Farisi, as described by biography books, in addition to Ibn Jinni’s own statements on some issues, and presentation of his views to his teacher.

This research talks about the succession between the words ba and m in a lexicon: (the first type and the kanaz for its Arabic language, the dependent) and the study of the words that came in succession in terms of type and meaning, and the research ended with the following results:  Perhaps the one who contemplates it will find successions other than the sequence between the two previous sounds.  The type of disability in the lexicon is in verbs, nouns and letters. The successive words have multiple meanings. Some have been taken, but different localities, and some words carry multiple adjectives, such as: men's party is an adjective for the emaciated patient, grass is an adjective for tall and fat, love is an adjective for a miser, alum is an adjective for genuine money, and the other is an adjective for a sower. And one word came to follow, which is: green, bright, and to follow is: to be at the end of the word on one word.

The argumentative discourse is the central focus in communicating ideas and proving objectives in the mind of the recipient, as it has an effective impact on persuading others, being a conscious attempt by the speaker to influence the recipient, then make him to adopt an opinion, The book “Linguistic Differences” by Abu Hilal Al-Askari has received the attention of many researchers and scholars, and they studied it with different contextual and textual approaches, but the pragmatic approach represented by the evidences did not have a chance of these studies, despite it appears clearly in this text,  Al-Askari sought to prove his opinion on the issue of synonymy by applying a number of evidences, using factors and linguistic links with argumentative concept, and evidence derived from various persuasive subjects, Hence, this research aims to shed light on this book by choosing the first chapter as an example in an attempt to approach the different argumentative mechanisms that Al-Askari employed to be able to influence and persuade the recipient. To achieve these goals, the study was divided into a preface and two sections, the first of which is to apply the pragmatic analysis of argumentative mechanisms to the Al-Askari's discourse according to Decroux theory, and in it:(Links,argumentative factors - argumentative peace – and Speech acts) while the second is to shed light on the means that the Al-Askari used to support his ideas and establish his intentions and in it:(evidence - values - credibility - analogy).

 This research examines the subject of perfumes and perfumes, by analyzing selected models from the texts of the Abbasid poets, as a semiotic dimension full of allusions, and a poetic image that summarizes many semantic flows, which occupied a large space in their creativity and poetic exploration. The research proceeds to a clever depiction of the conditions of the Abbasid society segments in general and the wealthy class in particular, given that the use of perfumes and perfumes is a cultural heritage for the Arabs, so they used it for an aesthetic use, and spread it on them, taking into account their pleasant social conditions and the standardization and industrialization of the living reality. Therefore, the research was divided into two axes, preceded by an introduction to the history of perfumes and scents, and followed by a conclusion. As for the two axes; They were as follows: 1- The names of perfumes and perfumes in Abbasid poetry. 2- The effect of perfumes and perfumes on linguistic formations and artistic designs.

    يتمايز السَّردُ العِرفانيُّ عن غيره من التّجارب السَّرديّة الأخرى بسماتٍ تشكّل أبعادهُ، ورؤاهُ، وشخصيّاتهِ، وعناصره السّرديّة كافَّةً؛ مما جعله يتطلَّبُ جُهدًا قرائيًّا يستبطنُ نصوصهُ ويتتبع إشاراتهِ، ويسبر أعماقها؛ ليستنطقها، وفقَ محاولاتٍ متكررةٍ للفهمِ المرهون بقراءات خاصة تسهم في رموزه. ومن ثمّ؛ كان اختياري لرواية محمد حَسَن عُلْوَان "موت صَغير" التي اتّخذت مِنَ الشَّيخِ الرّئيسِ محيي الدّينِ بنِ عَرَبيّ منطلقًا لرؤيتها السّرديّة وموقفها من الحياة والموت والرزق والقدر والحساب والسّعادة تلك القضايا الكبرى التي تؤرّق المصير الإنسانيّ. وقَدْ بَدَا السَّارِدُ فِي رِوَايةِ "عُلْوَان" محَايدًا؛ إذ سَلَّطَ الضَّوءَ عَلَى مختَلَفِ الشَّخْصِيَّاتِ في صُوَرِها المتَباينَةِ، ثُمّ رَسَم مِنْ خِلَالِ نَسْجِ الأَحدَاثِ والزَّمكَانيَّةِ ملَامحَ حيَاتِهُ ومراحِلَ علميّته وعِرفَانيَّتِهِ. وَقفتِ الدِّرَاسَةُ أَمام عَتَبَاتِ النَّصِّ لأَهَميَّتِهَا ولتَفنُّنِهِ في العِنَايةِ بِها؛ إذ جَاءَتْ معَبِّرةً عَما يَقُولُهُ النَّصُّ وما أَضمرهُ، فَأوضح العُنْوَانُ العَلَاقَاتِ بَينَهُ وبَينَ المحتَوَى مما عَكَسَ صُوفِيَّةَ النَّصِّ الخَالِصَةٍ. وتَوقَّفتِ الدِّراسَةُ أَمام إشَارَاتِ العَتَبَاتِ، وصُوفِيَّةِ التَّصْدِيرِ، وتَتبَّعتِ الإشارَاتِ في البِنيَةِ السَّرْديَّةِ؛ مِن إشارَاتِ الزَّمانِ بتِقنيَاتهِ: كالخُلَاصَةِ، والحَذْفِ، والمشهَدِ الحِوَاريّ، والوَقَفاتِ الوَصْفِيَّةِ. ووقفَتْ، أيضًا، أمام إشاراتِ المكَانِ؛ إذ انتقلَ بنا السَّارِدُ عبرَ الأَماكِنِ المغلقةِ التي جسَّد مِن خِلالِها حَياةَ البَرزخِ، والمفتُوحَةِ التي تَتفاعلُ معَ انطلاقِ الرُّوحِ في الملَكوتِ ودَرسَتْ طَواسينَ الشَّخصيَّاتِ من خلال الإشاراتِ والرُّموزِ وراءَها.  ومن ثم؛ تتبَّعتْ إشَاراتِ الأَحْدَاثِ، واللُّغَةَ السَّرْديَّةَ في إشَارَاتِها لِلمطلُوبِ، واللُّغةَ الحِوَاريّةَ. وَختمتْ بالوقُوفِ أَمام اجتِرَاحَاتِ النّصِّ الصُّوفِيَّةِ؛ كالكَشفِ، والتَّجلِّي، والوَجْدِ، ودَرسَتْ تَجَليّاتِ القَضَايا الصُوفِيَّةِ الكُبرى: كالأَحوَالِ والمقَاماتِ.

This research will study the types of irony in Hussein Sarhan's articles, in order to identify the features of paradox there, determine its functions, and clarify its ability to achieve aesthetics in those articles.This research is based on constructive method , and it consists of two points: the verbal irony and the situational irony.Verbal irony is a form of saying, in which a meaning is given, while another meaning is intended, which often contradicts the apparent superficial meaning, and it has several types, which are: title, word and against it, simile, intertextuality, and praise instead of blame.The Situational irony is due to a situation or event that is seen in the framework of the irony, and it has several types, which are: events, dramatic, confrontation, ridicule, and merit.

The notion of the definiteness effect (DE), which excludes the occurrence of definite NPs as pivots in existential sentences, has attracted researchers to provide various syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic accounts to explain this phenomenon. Whereas the syntactic account proposes that the DE can be explained in terms of the structure of existential sentences, the semantic and pragmatic accounts suggest that it can be better explained in terms of the meaning of existential sentences. This paper aims to provide an account for the DE in Najdi Arabic (NA) existential sentences. It has been observed that although definite NPs cannot generally occur as pivots in NA existentials, they may sometimes be acceptable. To explain this inconsistent behavior, I assume that the NA fiih-sentences can be divided into existential and list sentences. The DE is only evident in the former and is lacking in the latter. In the list sentence, it is the list itself that is being predicated to exist, and thus, there is no restriction on its members. I also assume that the DE follows from the notion of novelty. Indefinite NPs are allowed as pivots in NA existentials because they represent hearer-new entities. The anomality of definite NPs in NA existentials is due to the incompatibility of placing hearer-old entities in a position reserved only for new entities. However, in the list sentence, the list itself represents a hearer-new entity; thus, its items can be definite NPs.