Volume (2), Issue (3), Rajab 1445 AH - January 2024

This study entitled “ Principles of communication in the literature of women letters” includes an important topic in Saudi literature, which is the literature of letters, which has not received much attention. The critical studies in this field are barely mentioned. Critical monitoring of women's epistolary literature is also almost non-existent, despite the availability of the literary blog and the diversity of women's epistolary creativity in the Arab world in general, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in particular. In light of this scarcity, we chose this title. To explore some of the deliberative aesthetics expressed by women’s epistolary creativity in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, we will try to approach this topic from the deliberative point of view, which is concerned with the positions of communication and the principles of communication. We have chosen to approach this topic from the deliberative aspect; Because it is the most appropriate approach to the nature of epistolary literature based on communication and exchange. Keywords: Messages, feminine, pragmatics, situationality, communication.

This research entitled “Poetic of stylistic deviation and the widening circles of meaning in the poetic work of (Il-Tiba:s) by Hassen Al-Zahrani” examines the poetics of deviation in the poetry Dīywān (Il-Tibās) by the poet Hassen Al-Zahrani, and how such a creative poet could expand the circles of his various linguistic connotations at the phonetic, semantic, and syntactic levels. This study is an interpretive linguistic reading to understand the syntactic deviations which characterized the poet, aiming at identifying the poet’s method of embodying his feelings, his ideas and influential methods in revealing such ideas. The study concluded with results, the most notable of which is the poet’s reliance on anastrophe in several places, and his intensification of feeling and vision through the threshold of the title and the conclusion. The poet combined deletion and successive repetition to be an effective force in influencing. The poet relied on the abstraction of another character with which he debated. He also deliberately repeated specific sounds to create the desired effect. The deletion in the title also evidently appeared, which gave it effective excitement in the recipients' minds. Keywords: Al-Zahrani, deviation, introduction, deletion, meaning.  

This research entitled “Objections and responses of Ibn Ğamā‘ah on the book of his Sheikh Ibn Mālik, namely “Al-Tuḥfah criticism and commentary on Kāfiyat Ibn Al-Ḥāğib” concerns the study and analysis of the syntactic comments of Ibn Ğamā‘ah as appeared in the book of his sheikh Ibn Mālik. Also, it aims to prove the attribution of the Al-Tuḥfah book to Ibn Mālik and the role of Ibn Ğamā‘ah in restricting it and highlighting the critical thoughts of these two scholars, and clarifying the perspective of opponent grammarians towards these objections and responses. The main result indicated that the book Al-Tuḥfah has been proven and attributed to Ibn Mālik with conclusive evidence and this book is distinguished by showing his critical thought and the moderation of Ibn Ğamā‘ah in his objections and responses. Keywords : Ibn Ğamā‘ah; Ibn Mālik, Ibn Ḥāğib; Criticism; tracing.

This paper is entitled as « Benefit in Arabic syntax in the light of Relevance Theory: A Cognitive Approach ». Relevance is a basic principle in linguistic communication, and linguistic currents have differed in their implications. The paper aims to study the benefit in light of cognitive linguistics and consider the possibility of the presence of cognitive perception in Arabic syntax. It consists of two axes: the first considers the relevance from a cognitive-linguistic perspective, whether at the level of the speaker as he is performing an ostensive-inferential process, or at the level of the listener as he performs a process of inferential comprehension. The second axis examines the cognitive backgrounds of ancient Arab grammarians, in their theorization about relevance as well as examines the similarities between the two approaches. The paper adopted the descriptive analytical approach, and start from the cognitive linguistic approach to linguistic communication. He aspires to clarify the cognitive backgrounds of ancient Arabic grammatical thinking while researching the relevance question. This is done by insistent the importance of relevance as one of the basic conditions for the benefit of speech. Keywords: Benefit, Relevance, Cognitive linguistics, Hypothese, Ostensive-inferential communication.

This paper entitled “The Danishmendid dynasty and their political relations with the Mengüjek dynasty and the Saltuqid dynasty in Asia Minor (477-573 AH/1084-1177 AD)” aims at tracing the origins of the Danishmendid dynasty, whose emirate was founded in Sivas and Malatya cities. The paper highlights on some of Turkish emirates, particularly the Mengüjek dynasty founded in Erzincan and Divriği, and the Saltuqid dynasty, centered in Erzurum. This paper also investigates the turbulent political relations which were at times peaceful and at others belligerent between the Danishmendid and the Mengüjek and the Saltukid dynasty. Although some respite between wars was brought about either by political alliances or political marriages, yet the areas of political influence of the three Turkish emirates remained hotbeds of political tensions that lasted for a long time, in which some contemporaneous political powers (i.e., Byzantine empire and the crusader states) fulfil some of its expansionist ambitions. Keywords: Danishmends, political relation, Mengüjek dynasty.

The study is entitled “Renewed British-French competition in the Sultanate of Muscut”. It focuses on the year 1278 AH/1862 AD, the date in which France and Britain agreed to respect the independence of the Sultans of Muscat and Zanzibar. Oman, with its two divisions, Muscat and Zanzibar, was subjected to European colonial pressure, in which both countries concluded political and commercial treaties with each of them. This paved the way for the two countries to interfere in Omani internal affairs, especially after the death of Mr. Sayyid bin Sultan Al-Yusaid, Sultan of Muscat and Zanzibar in 1856 AD. Britain exploited the dispute that occurred among his sons to divide the Sultanate to achieve its ambitions and agreed with France in 1862 AD to respect the independence of the Sultans of Muscat and Zanzibar. This matter disturbed France, which believed that its political power was equal to Britain in the Sultanate of Muscat, culminating in the conclusion of a treaty in 1891 AD with the Sultan of Muscat. Motivated by its renewed political activity in Muscat at that time, the French government elevated the Vice-Consul in Muscat to the rank of consul, and the dialogue initiated between the two parties ended with the settlement of political and commercial problems between them in Muscat. Keywords : Muscat, Britain, France, Zanzibar, Mr. Faisal.

This paper is entitled “Iran’s Motivations in Latin America”. Iran is grappling with international sanctions that have caused an economic crisis and political isolations. It is trying to overcome this by bridging its diplomatic and economic relations with Latin America, aiming to gain international political supports and ease international economic blockade. Thus, the Iranian-Latin relations has gained increased attention due to its complex motivations, including economic, political, strategic, and security aspects. This research aims to discuss the economic, political, security, strategic, and cultural reasons that led Iran to engage with Latin America. The study shall analyse the opinions of experts in this field and investigate events on the ground, aiming to uncover the true motivations behind Iran's approach to Latin America. The research concludes that the security motive, the economic reasons, and the strategic goals are crucial, while downplaying the significance of the political and cultural motivations. Keywords: Iran’s Policy, Terrorism, USA, Money Laundering, IRGC.

The paper is entitled “Attitudes of social workers working in the medical fields towards participating in developing social policies in the health sector in Qassim region”. It aims to study   the nature of social workers' attitudes working in the medical field towards participating in developing social policies in the health sector. It determines the relationship between some personal, professional, and institutional variables of social workers and these attitudes. It also presents proposed mechanisms to enhance their positive attitudes. This research is descriptive and relies on the social survey method of (65) social workers working in the medical field in the Qassim region. Data were collected using a scale designed by the researchers. The results showed that there are positive attitudes among the majority of the research sample towards participating in social policies development in the health sector. The results also showed the need for social workers to acquire more knowledge and develop the necessary skills to participate effectively in developing social policies in the health sector.  Keywords : Attitudes, Social Workers, Developing Social Policies, Health Sector.

The paper is entitled “Spatial and temporal discrepancy of road noise level in Unaizah City”. It  is concerned with measuring road noise levels in Unaizah, to detect the spatial and temporal variation of its types, relying on DSLM-LA:2851264, GPS, and QGIS to download road data from Open Street Map and represent on maps, in addition to methods for detecting spatial and temporal variation in the study data. It concludes that noise rates on the roads increased, especially during (5 - 7 p.m.), in addition to the spatial and temporal variation in noise rates. King Abdulaziz Road recorded the highest levels of noise during the working time (12 - 2 p.m.) and quitting time (5 - 7 p.m.). The roads in the city center and the roads in the eastern and southeastern parts; exceeded 80 decibels. The study recommended redesigning the central area roads, paying attention to afforestation, and promoting positive behaviour among road users. Keywords : Noise, Variation, GIS, Traffic, Roads