رئيس التحرير : أ.د. علي بن إبراهيم السعود

The research is concerned with achieving a heritage text, entitled: El nafha El zakia of The Origins of Arabic Science by Sheikh Abdullah Al-Minyawi, novel: Abdul Qadir bin Jalaluddin Al-Mahalli (1072), which aims to reveal the scientific value of this manuscript, and guide researchers to address it with explanation, analysis, criticism and evaluation, as the study and evaluation aims to uncover two sheikhs of the seminars of the grammar lesson in the eleventh century, and the book is an extension of the grammatical body that has been composed in Arabic grammar throughout its history, as well as includes the core of the Grammar branches, by presenting its origins and boundaries in an easy and clear manner.

Researchers have dealt with poetry from many perspectives for different purposes, leading to the proliferation of a variety of methods and interpretative mechanisms. The current research delves into the depths of the poetic text in order to reveal the aesthetics of paradox in Ghazi Al-Qusaibi's poem "Sunset Garden". The research uses the analytical method in order to analyze the verses of the poem and uncover its paradoxical value. Paradox is used as a technical strategy that enables the poet to simplify ideas and clarify perceptions. The study demonstrates the paradox and its aesthetics and techniques in the poem. It has reached a number of results including the ways Ghazi Al-Qusaibi benefits from the techniques and types of paradox and their use in "Sunset Garden". The poet has proven to be fully aware of the usefulness of the clues that the paradox creator should utilize in the poetic text.

This study aims to highlight discourse functions, from a pragmatic perspective, with respect to introducing diaspora collections of poems, which is a prominent aspect of diaspora literary works, both north and south.  This study traces the introduction by third parties regarding parallel text in modern Arabic criticism, as well as the differences between personal introduction (introduction by the author himself), and the rise of this phenomenon in the diaspora literary works, and its magnitude.  The study also details the most prominent diaspora record in which the introduction varies as to types and functions.  However, as to the traditional patterns of introduction, it is found that they include seven patterns of introductions, namely introduction by a neutral critic (non-Arab), family introduction, introduction by a friend of the poet, who is specialized in introducing collections of poems, introduction by a journalist writer, introduction by an unknown person to famous one, introduction by a person from the same area; meanwhile, there is a diversity of functions, the most important of which are cultural functions, informative function, panegyric functions and critic functions.  The study also reveals that introduction by a third party in view of these functions, is one of the most important thresholds.  The study also indicates that introduction by a third party probes the complexity of the text, and it provides interpretation thereto, as well as providing key strategies for approaching such text, to help both the reader and critic to understand and approach the text.

Alsheikk Mohammad AlHafdhi wrote about the people of the region، particularly the tribes of RijalAlma’a in facing the Ottoman arbitrariness. He also wrote about how the tribes of RijalAlma’a suffered throughout the Ottoman rule of Asir region such as the military arbitrariness and finance claims that occurred from time to time until the appearance of the rule of Alshareef Mohammad Aladresi. The rule of Alshareef Mohammad Aladresi was found as deterrent from increasing injustice towards them. In addition to that، he wrote about the relationship between the ruler of Asir namely HasanAiydh and the forces surrounding him such as Alshareef Husain in Alhijaz and AlshareefAladresi in AlmiklafAlsulaimani. Both of them want to force his power on the region. After that، the ruler HasanAiydh got into treaties with them and he signed a contract with the ruler of AlmiklafAlsulaimani. The contract stipulated that the ruler HasanAiydh would be as the vice of the ruler of AlmiklafAlsulaimani for Asir. However، this contract did not continue very long they had a conflict and the relationship went wrong in all sides. Consequently، King  Abdulaziz intervened and made Asir region under his control/rule as it was previously under the rule of his grandfathers، particularly after the refusal of the ruler HasanAiydh to take over the rule under the name of King Abdulaziz in which the ruler HasanAiydh stayed far away from any political activities. The ruler HasanAiydh later resumed his activity by revolution that ended up with surrendering and going to Riyadh as he died there.

This paper is an attempt to analyse the effect of the Crusades on the emergence of the western perception of Muslim women in medieval times as depicted in European historical resources. My paper consists of three parts. In the first part, ‘The image of Muslim women before the Crusades in the western world’, I am going to examine how much the Franks knew about Muslim women before the Crusades. The second part deals with ‘The image of Muslim women in Latin historical sources’ in which I will discuss the portrayal of Muslim women in western sources, and the representations that appear in the Crusaders texts. The last part is entitled “Features in the development of European’s curiosity in Muslim women” In this part I will pay tentative attention to the factors that lead to Europeans’ curiosity about Muslim woman in terms of how it works and what mechanisms it employs to deal with East-West relationships.

Aydhab and its presence as mentioned in the books of Arab and Muslim geographers and travelers, from the earliest geographical texts in the third century AH / ninth century AD until the eighth century AH / fourteenth century AD, and to introduce its famous desert, "Aydhab Desert." The study also introduced the residents of Aydhab, their origins, their character, their religion, and the Arab presence in their area, and revealed their most important living and financial resources, especially the mineral resources. The study enumerated the land roads between it and Upper Egypt, and the difficulties that travelers faced there, and what were the reasons that reduced it from being the road for pilgrims from Africa across

This study aimed to identify the role of the Muslim family in the child socialization process. The study adopted the descriptive approach. The results of the study revealed that: the Muslim community's commitment in forming a family on the basis of Islamic approach will make a well bonded Islamic family, with the duties and responsibilities set by Islamic rules and regulations, and satisfaction loss between the couple creates problems that affect the family structure and the upbringing of children, and that the family which relies in upbringing of children on the basis of sources of Islamic socialization, contributes significantly in raising the child’s mentality and emotion in line with the human encroachment that God created people, and contributes to the creation of a good generation that is going to be a real addition to the Muslim community. In addition, the achieved results of this study show that the educational methods adopted by the Muslim family in socialization has a big role in establishing the rules of faith in God and worship him, and commit to the Holy Quran and Sunnah in word and deed represented in: the style of good example, the story approach, the modes of enticement and intimidation, and that the style of preference and discrimination in the treatment of children affects their personalities and generates jealousy, selfishness and antipathy among them, which is one of the greatest methods that cause deviation from the path of Islam.

The relationship between water security and rainwater harvesting is negotiated as vital for water management system. Recently, the Sudan’s water management system adopted new implementation trends, which seek better utilization and suitable conservation. The main aim of this research is to apply raster calculator in the spatial analyst tools for determining the optimal locations for Rain Water Harvesting Reservoir (RWHR). Key criteria for operating the suitability analysis are four spatial thematic maps prepared as dataset (layers), which are, land cover, soils, slope, and settlements (villages). The key spatial layers processed using multi weighted criteria were depicted the suitable location where the reservoir can be constructed. Suitability scale ranges from suitable, moderate and low suitable areas over the catchment area. The capabilities of GIS functions in suitability analysis for RWHR site selection is optimized as far as more multi weighted criteria will have obtained for high optimal level

This study aims to investigate Saudi female English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ preference of five types of teachers’ oral corrective feedback (OCF), mainly explicit correction, recast, clarification request, elicitation, and repetition. It also investigates the reasons behind those preferences, and whether there is an association between the learners’ preferences and their cognitive styles (CS). The researchers collected data from 164 level 5 and 6 college students with the aid of two questionnaires and cognitive style tests. The results show that recast and explicit correction are the most preferred types of OCF by both field-independent and field-dependent learners. The results also show that the given reasons for the preferences reflect the learners’ concerns about their psychological status. Furthermore, it was found that while there is a significant association between the participants' cognitive styles and their preferences for recast and repetition, there is no association between the cognitive styles and their preference for explicit correction, elicitation, and clarification request. It is recommended that EFL teachers should be aware of the learners’ preferences for one type of OCF over another, the impact of OCF types on the positive classroom environment, and the possible impact of cognitive styles on those preferences