غلاف عدد شوال 1441 مايو 2020( قواعد النشر - الهيئة الاستشارية - هيئة التحرير - فهرس العدد )

  The Addition of a Second 'n' between Sibawayh and Syntacticians     Dr. Mounira bint Abdulrahman Al-Saleem   Assistant Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of Arts, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University     Abstract : This study is aimed to reveal the accuracy of Sibawayh's classification of the second 'n' as original, or additional in the quadratic, or a more stem action verbs or nouns by exploring his examples and discussion of evidence, and balancing them with the opinion of subsequent Syntacticians.   The examples have been limited to the books Titled, "The Structure of Verbs, Nouns, and Participials", Ibn Qitta'; "Almumti'", Ibn Assfour; "Sharh Al-Shafiyeh, Al-Ridha; and "Irtishaff Al-Dharb", Abu Hayyan. An inductive method was used to collect all the examples from books, compare them, and then describe and analyze them using an analytical descriptive approach, while making use of the modern theories, such as the phonetic paradox in the interpretation of the second 'n'.  One of the most important results was the emergence of their different views of the second 'n', being whether original or additional. The phenomenon of dissimulation gave a scientific explanation from the point of view of the modern linguistic studies of the additional second 'n' being one of the liquid sounds often used in paradox. The study concluded with the need to reconsider their classification concerning the addition of a second 'n', particularly the uninflected one, especially in the noun or verb cases. The study recommended this construct to be examined by an inductive study from the lexicon, which may provide a linguistic repertoire that is supportive of its analogies. The study also considered that the study of the second or third superfluous 'n' according to the phenomenon of dissimulation still needs more exploration to be followed by tracking and interpretation.

This paper deals with reports attributed to Sibawayh and events concerning him that are not mentioned in al-Kitab. It discusses scholars' opinions regarding the prevalence of such reports and their opinions regarding some of them, particularly those regarding matters that cannot readily be accepted. The paper considers narratives said to have been related by Sibawayh orally or in writing and in this way it represents a contribution to the study of Sibawayh's legacy and the circumstances in which his Kitab was composed.

   Specification implies exaggeration in asking for something, seeking it strongly and persisting in it.Specification in Arabic has got its own devices and objectives. Scholars' views—both ancient and modern-varied as regards these devices in terms of their origin, numbers, the functions they perform in the context of speech and their prioritizing verbs and excluding nouns. Thus the present research aims to study the devices and attitudes of scholars toward them, whether in the ancient or modern times. Also it shows its frequency in the Arabs' authentic speech. The nature of the study entails the following: an introduction, a preface, three sections and a conclusion. Thepreface is concerned with the specification as language and as a term and its devices, its main characteristics, and showing the construction of these devices, and theattitudes in this regard. Every one of the three sections is devoted to talking about the devices of specification, their position as well as the differentiating features of each in comparison withothers. The conclusion highlights the most outstanding outcomes of the study.

: The present paper aims at finding a new mechanism that could enable non Arabic speakers to know how to parse a word in a sentence or the parsing location of the whole sentence. This can be done through putting a mark or through using a punctuation that is regarded by linguists to be of a major significance in writing skill. Actually, linguists neglect the important role of punctuation in prasing and in style of writing

This study investigates the meaning of the term kabad ‘hardship’ in verse (4) of Surat Al-Balad: laqadxalaqna l-ʔinsaanafiikabad ‘verily, We created man into hardship’. To achieve this goal, the work examines resources of the Holy Quran interpretation and Arabic lexicons. The study has then linked the word with all verses which includes the verb xalaq-na ‘we created’ on the one hand, and describes their structures on the other. The study has also presented the interpreters’ suggestions for the possible meanings, explaining the meaning that most of them agree upon in order to to weight the most appropriate meaning of the phrase: fiikabad ‘into hardship’. The search over the best meaning was consequently based on the lexical intention and the structural analysis of all verses which contain the verb xalaq-na ‘we created’.The study concludes with the notion that the expression under investigation more likely refers to creating man in the best stature (mould) as compared to the four-legged animals

Abstract: Poetic improvisation refers to poetry declaimed by poets orally and without deliberation or revision, according to the demands of the occasion. This style of poetry was predominant before the appearance of writing and compilation and caught the attention of critics and writers in later periods and in different environments when they devoted their attention to the characteristics of pre-literate creative texts, such as the Greek epics or the question of the plagiarism of pre-Islamic poetry. Their efforts eventually resulted in the appearance of the theory of orality in literary criticism, originally applied to the question of the Greek epics and investigation of the attribution of the Iliad and the Odyssey to Homer. Since the theory of orality comprises certain principles and foundations that can be applied to improvised texts, it has been adopted as a methodology for this paper, which consists of an introduction, a preface, five sections, and a conclusion. The preface offers historical perspective regarding this theory and a concise description of its principles. The first four sections of the paper proper are then devoted to a study of the poetic improvisations in accordance with some of the principles chosen for their appropriateness for the samples of poetry selected. They are followed by the fifth section, devoted to an evaluation of the poetic improvisations using statistical analysis and a discussion of the opinions of poets or compilers of Andalusian literature regarding poetic improvisations. The article concludes with a summary of some of the main results of the research.

: The poetic sense and the artistic creativity lie between breaking or adhering to the grammatical rules, where deviations are crystallized at all phonetic, syntactic and semantic levels and any other levels in this regard such as the aesthetics of semantic structures. The aesthetics of semantic structures are introducing, retarding, deletion of a text, in addition to the aesthetics of performative and declarative phrases, and the aesthetics of attention, connectiveness, disjunctivness and the aesthetics of the paradox of metaphor, rhetoric and metonymy. A creator- a poet- in all of the previous aesthetics, is able in using deviations in order textual semantics that influences a reader sense and that gives him/her a space to participate in the creative writing through deviation attributes through discovering the artistic and rhetorical aesthetics in the text. The current study aims to highlight a set of syntactic and semantic deviations in Ibn Haddad's poem:                                 “Hey love                              The source of relief to my pains all For God’s sake, Why did in love with you I fall?”  The above-quoted poem is form the Literature of Al-Andalus, which is full of intellectual, linguistic and religious pluralism. The study was aimed to present a critically modern reading of the classical Arabic literature of a high authority in the western modern studies in terms of highly applied aesthetics of a classical poetic text and finding an equivalent study to the western critical studies which contain applied theories and mechanisms that pretend to have their own modernity and inventions.  The Ibn Haddad's poem is seen as the model of a sense of defamiliarization that went against the reader's judgment in which words, meaning and ideas, are composed with a deviated style in order to convey a message and capture the heart of the beloved, apart from presenting a poetic image about intellectual, linguistic and religious pluralism in those days which were considered as wealthy Arabs eras at all levels.

  This research is geared towards the study of rhetorical guidance and its origins in The Likes of Hadith by Hassan Bin Khalad; His book is one of the earliest books dealing with proverbs in the Prophetic Hadith with rhetorical analysis that reveals the secrets of the statement, and the minutes of composition at this early time of authorship of a figure that combined the forerunner in modern science with literature. His book is characterized by the existence of rhetorical and graphic altruistic origins that deserve to be studied, and it has been missed by many rhetoricists in this, as well as his method of analysing and studying prophetic proverbs.  This first study in its subject reveals these efforts in its rhetorical guidance in the Book of Proverbs, and shows the characteristics, value and impact of these efforts in the study of proverbs in the Hadith with the statement of the tributaries that provided the author in his book, and its impact on those after it.

Abstract : This research aims to bring the light to the Saudi efforts in concluding '' At Taif Treaty in 1934(A.D) – 1353(H), between Yamen and Saudi Arabia, At Taif City. The research concentrates in in the first half of 1934, for the serious events which took place, be said revealing the most important factors which led to the conclusion of this treaty. After the failure of Abha meeting and breakout of a short war between the two countries, also concentrates in situation of Saudi Arabia and Yemen the attitudes of Arab world and of the European countries to wards this crisis, and in displaying the terms of the treaty. At Taif treaty considereol as one, the most important documents as it determined the relations between the two countries and put to an end an era of conflict of conflict. Moreover it settled boundary controversy and determine future relation between Yemen and Saudi Arabia. No less importance of the terms of this treaty is the arbitrary appendex attached to the treaty, which considered to be an integrated part of it, as it aims to confirming peace instead of waging war between the two sister countries. The research also displays the exchanged correspondence between the heads the two negotiating delegations. Finally, the research concludes with an analytic discussion of the most important consequences of this treaty.

The researcher sought through this study to collect the information about the social conditions of the scientists of Samarkand that were scattered between the lines and contained rich historical facts in this aspect. The researcher stood on important aspects of the private life of the scientists, in addition to their interest in the education of their children, which resulted in the transmission of scientific knowledge among members of the same family. The study dealt with the various trips of Samarkand scientists for knowledge or for a living. They gave special interest to scholars and provided financial support to them. Moreover, they made fruitful efforts in reforming society, in addition to their contributions to important posts such as teaching, judiciary, and others.

  Abstract :This research deals with formal education in Albadaya -one of Qassim region town- in king Abdulaziz era starting at the end of traditional learning finishing which was depend on Alkatateeb and Mosques circles in year of 1368\1949, in establishing governmental formal schools until the end of king Abdulaziz era in year 1373\1953, this research focus on king Abdulaziz's concern and support for education, and showing it's beginning in Albadaia with opening three elementary schools which is: Albadaya Alolya School (Alazizyah school), Albadaya Alwusta School (Alsaudia school), and Umtalah School (Ammar Bin Yaser), clearyfing the date of each school foundation, place, learning system, educational & administrative staff, and local people attitudes toward it, and models of who enrolled to study in of local people.   The conclusion of this research came with findings reached by the researcher.  

The apparent variety of care and attention of Ottoman State for the blessed Prophet's mosque has taken different methods in the construction and renovation of some of the improvements and additions to it and the construction of related facilities; corresponding employees were appointed from the leaders, preachers, muezzins (prayer caller) and clerics in all their categories and different functions; and they specified the furnishing, lights and water system for it. The Ottomans did not neglect in the purifying and cleaning of it including types of good fragrances and sent large amounts of it from the Sultanate of the Ottoman State and members of the community and honored the blessed Prophet's mosque in the hearts of all the Muslims.