غلاف العدد ( قواعد النشر - الهيئة الاستشارية - هيئة التحرير - فهرس العدد )

This research reviews the effectiveness of the argumentative grading in Surat Al-Tawbah and its role in the hierarchy of arguments and their escalation so as to reach the argumentative result of influence and persuasion. The research begins to clarify the features of the argumentative  grading in the revelation of the Noble Qur’an, the location of the surah, then internal argumentative , therefore it reveals the role of verbal derivation, and the lexical significance of words, then deals with the argumentative connections in the surah, and how they contributed to the synergy and escalation of arguments, as well as the effectiveness of the rhetorical argument especially metaphor and interrogation, as two mechanisms that were explained in Quran.

study that is concerned with the study of the relation between those meanings, and highlights the link between the parts of the sermon from the beginning, the middle and the end, and the effect of proportionality in the textual cohesion, and aims to: contribute to the detection of one aspect of prophetic rhetoric and the reasons for reaching the highest level in human performance and authership, to find out the regularity of meanings in the prophetic sermon, and to know the prophetic approach in the care of the pattern of the sermon as required by its stand and its purpose.  The research plan falls into three requirement and a preface, the first requirement: the growth of meanings and their harmony in the one prophetic sermon. Second: The functions of meanings in the beginning of prophetic speeches, and the shape(FACE?) of their association with their purpose.  The third is the effect of the epilogue on the meanings of prophetic speeches, and their connection to prologue, preceded by a preface entitled Proportionality and Prophetic Speech. The study's most important findings include: Proportionality and arrangement are closely related to context and case evidence; they have an interactive relationship, the overall context, and the arrangement is influenced by it and its mechanics and connotations are expressed through an integrated system and a particular approach.

This research aims to analyze the discourse strategies that the addressee uses to clarify his intentions; it monitors the mechanisms that enable it to reach the intended indirect meanings through direct meanings. This research derives its importance from its study of examples from a heritage corpus whose issues are based on argument’s act of interrogation based on the axes of question and answer, in the book: Al-Hawamil and Al-Shawamil of Al-Tawhidi and Miskawayeh. In achieving this, he seeks to analyze the diversity of the specific strategies of the addressee in reaching his goals, and to what extent the mechanisms used for those strategies succeed in achieving the purposes of Al-Tawhidi’s questions, and the purposes of Miskawayeh’s answers. And the communicative competencies it contains, its linguistic and logical tools varied in achieving aims and objectives.

  Aja’b Al-Maqdour was composed by Ibn Arabshah in the biography of the Mughal ruler Ghazi Timur, at a later time that is later than the time of the tale, and in a place different from its places, although the author had been alive through some of its chapters. the author choses to tell a different tale, heading to his unannounced narrator, but rather it is implicit, and the closest is that the characteristics of the narrator are represented by the owner of the Diwan ( collection of poems for one writer) in Cairo, and the author's perspective that agrees with the Ottoman and Mamluk perspectives in denouncing Timur. In addition, the author uses the Mongol perspective clearly and also the he uses different types of narrative movements in (Ajaa’b Al-Maqdour) namely, deletion and summation, and each of them contributes to the acceleration of the narration. The pause, the spectacle in (Ajaa’b Al-Maqdour) anticipate in the scolding and in the praising internal external retrieval, a repetitive internal inside retrieval, and the imperfection and creativity make a distance between the tale and its narrator; and they cause degrading and increase praising and the like. The author adhered to what the literature of his time approved, and took what was accepted by its audience, but some of the literature and texts of the ages have a good fortune to remain, and some of did not exceed its era.

The research dealt with the role of Paratext as a textual strategy and an interpretive tool that contributes to the production of possible misleading worlds. Therefore, the study was limited to employing the concept of possible worlds according to Umberto Eco in analyzing the function of interpretive Paratext in the Bamboo Stalk novel. The identification of possible imaginary worlds was done by defining their individuals, then defining the characteristics of each individual by referring to the reference worlds as realistic cultural structures, and making comparisons between them and the worlds of the fictional novel. The proposal of the term “contextuality” and its application to these possible worlds created by the Paratext of the text was to distinguish them from the rest of the narrative worlds. It is anew term inspired by the term “contextual topic” of the semiotic researcher Abdel Latif Mahfouz, who was concerned with using it in analyzing the author's strategy and compositional actual author and his authoritative purposes that topped the Paratext contribute to define possible contextual worlds that may correspond, or contradict, the worlds of the narrative text. Where the threshold of the cover, publications, quotations and footnotes combined to create individuals whose characteristics changed, and changed as the reader progressed in reading, and moved him between the worlds of the possible novel and the world of reality as a cultural construct.

The employment of dreams has appeared in modern narrative texts of all kinds, within various imaginative dimensions. The narration here depends on the construction of the dream as a narrative technique that supports other narrative techniques, and other entire narrative texts are based on the imagined dream experience, and may rely on realistic dreams as stated by their authors, which gives them an independent artistic identity (the art of dreams narrating), which stands between the modern narrative arts: the novel, the short story, the very short story in its fictional structure, and the dream in its real and imaginary space. The research chose to work on a modern experience of this art (narrative dreams) by the Saudi writer and critic Hassan Al-Naimi, as he goes to reveal the formation of dreams in these short narrations, and how they opened to the two dimensions: real and imaginary, and focuses on them as short stories with a narrative style characterized by characteristics linguistically, visually, semantic and culturally related to the psychological and social worlds that affect and are affected by the nature of dreams themselves. The research tends to employ semiotics by looking at the symbolic nature of dreams and the relationship between signs and their implications, in addition to their imaginative and symbolic nature after writing and concluded this written experiment which was formed between two worlds of paper and digital writing and effected its milestones, as well as it was formed between the parallel dream of reality and the very short story, and other categories with its imaginative dimension, which formed other binaries: context and parallel context, and this binary achieved a strong context harmony and coherence, in addition to the semantic symbiosis, the seer and narrator; which formed a diversity of self-presence between the dreaming self (the seer), the artistic self (the narrator), the literary self (personal) and the critical self that controls the writing paths. As well as the binary of reality and imagination is an important center of the dreams, based to three important elements: item of dream itself/ the parallel to the reality, and the seer receives his dream and interpretation and creation to writing, imagination the dream and transferring it to a narrative form .

This study is primarily concerned with the exploration of the features of virtual reality in the interactive digital novel with the aim of enhancing the effectiveness of any applied critical study of the digital product. This required the adoption of a descriptive procedure/approach, whereunder the product/study sample is thoroughly examined, the level of presence of communication media therein measured and finally the technology used thereby evaluated as a new source of creative literary products with all its manifestations , both real and imagined, by measuring its effectiveness within the boundaries of the literary realm, gauging the shift towards the digital at the expense of the conventional and determining how the literary theory can transcend the constant and adopt the variable. This applied procedure addressed the linguistic context, the topics, the spacetime dimension, the characterization, the digital context, the links, the icons, the visuals, the sounds, and the images in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the available digital tools in producing the finished digital literary product, as well as in attracting recipients who have attained stronger presence and higher effectiveness.

Moawiya Bin Hisham Alqurashi Almarwani , known as Ibn Alshaibani , was among the earlier writers who focused on recording the history of Bani Marwan in Andalusia. Since he was very close from the house of ruling , his works took the formal shape recorded by royal historians. Al-Shabansi also took care of writing on genealogies, especially the lineage of Alawites and others from Quraish, with special care for the lineages of the Marwanid caliphs, even Gharraf as "the lineage of Ahl al-Bayt". Because of the importance of Ibn al-Shabansi’s writings in history and genealogy, his works were a source of historical material for authors in the history of Andalusia, led by Marwan ibn Hayyan (  469 H 1074 G), who preserved for us many quotes about Ibn al-Shabansi’s lost works. This study was concerned with narrating the life of Ibn al-Shabansi, and an investigation of his books, which focused on codifying the history of the Marwani family in Andalusia and its lineage, and those who joined the family or sought refuge with them, as well as tracing this historian and his sources through the texts that reached us from his writings.

 The research is concerned with studying the effects of the Crusades on the patterns of craft activities and handicrafts in Alexandria, by presenting an overview of the Crusader attempts to control Alexandria, starting with the Crusader siege and the damages incurred by that siege, it discussed the campaign launched by William II of Sicily on Alexandria. Then, it investigated the impact of the Crusades on the types of crafts practiced in the City during the Crusades. It also identified the definition of crafts and workmanship as well as the definition of food industries. At that time, food industries included, for example, oil extraction industry. There were also iron tools and equipments industry, shipbuilding industry, and military tools industry. Afterwards, the study tackled the crafts which were practiced by native people, especially the resistance, and the crafts which were related to war and resistance, such as: iron crafts and industries and fences and castles building.

 The research aims to measure the impact of the use of rooftop umbrellas on reducing the temperature within buildings, and to show the suitability of parachute technology in achieving indoor climate comfort in building of the Qassim area during the summer. The use of umbrellas was assessed through the actual experiment. The researchers conducted two experiments, the first of which was the construction of four rooms, and parachutes were placed on the roofs of three rooms, including PVC umbrella, cotton umbrella, polyethylene umbrella, another controlled room without a rooftop umbrella, and relative temperatures and humidity during the months (June, July and August).After preliminary analysis of data from the first experiment, two rooms were built, one of which was placed on the surface of a pyramid-shaped PVC umbrella, and one without an umbrella, and relative temperature and humidity measurements were taken during the months (August, September). The results of the study from the first experiment found that building shading led to lower temperature, climate comfort, the best of which was the performance of the parachute room with PVC, while during the second experiment it was found that the pyramid PVC umbrella gave better results than all other types and forms of the first experience in reducing the temperature of buildings, and in providing climatic comfort within buildings. The study recommends the use of PVC ore umbrellas, preferably the hierarchical form of shading the roofs of residential buildings.