قواعد النشر - الهيئة الاستشارية - هيئة التحرير - فهرس العدد

Abstract : This study was concerned with explaining the different formulas of analogy in the book “Ma'ani al-Shafar” by Abu al-Hasan Ali al-Ramani (d. 384 AH). It aimed to clarify al-Ramani’s position on it by presenting its positions, and the extent of his agreement with the rulings of grammarians in it, and to determine the relationship of the term of each formula to the degree of correctness outside the analogy. He linked that to the impact of the knowledge inventory of Al-Rommani. The number of these formulas reached five; It is (the anomaly, the poetic necessity, the distance, it has consideration, the ugliness). Quantitative judgments; It is judged on the basis of how much it is heard and how little it is, such as the odd judgment, and specific judgments. It is judged by the quality of the used syntax, and the remaining four formulas fall under it. The study concluded by confirming the attention of al-Ramani with the approval of the Basrien saints and standing on what they accepted, but he seemed stronger than them in judging the outside of the analogy, whether it was prose, poetry, or Quranic reading, which is one of the effects of his distinguished scholarly personality with which he is known. It is in all of this apparent politeness with other rulings, a summary of the phrase, accompanied by its rulings with scientific explanations. The study came out with a recommendation to researchers to double the effort to collect these judgments, extrapolate their controls and formulas, and liberate the differences among them.

Abstract : This study looks at Al Khafaji'sAttitude in relation to the changes that have taken place in the Arabic language in the so-called ' Generation period' through his work: 'Shifaa al-Ghaleelfiimaafiikalaami al-9arab mina al-Dakhee l." In this work, the author has reserved a chapter to the newly created lexis, which was to be found scattered in different sources. The study shows why this work was undertaken, what circumstances led to its writing, and the resources from which he drew this multi-level lexical database. The study looks into the characteristics that distinguish Al Khafaji's approach to neologisms by analyzing the mechanics of lexical generation. The study also gives evidence that Al Khafaji'sAttitude on this new lexicon is that it reflects a natural evolution in the history of this language, which reflects how language interacts with society. This in turn shows that the Arabic language is capable of adapting itself to social change. Furthermore, the study shows that Al Khafajiwas not influenced by his predecessors' ways of accounting for lexical generation by referring to poets who used newly created lexis and to contemporary learned figures of his time. Furthermore, the study shows that Al Khafajiwas not influenced by his predecessors' ways of accounting for lexical generation by his: Documenting poets who used newly created lexis and learned figures, both of the past and his contemporaries; Explaining and analyzing the existing links between the old and the new use of lexis at the time; Generally refraining from expressing value judgements on the novel uses of the Arabic lexis he studied, which shows his distancing himself from theAttitudeof the hardliners on issues of language at the time and his adhering to the view that language is dynamic and that it is subject to change and evolution.

  Abstract : Saudi Arabia is one of the strong economies in the world, and therefore, it is one of the markets in which the trademarks are common there. Different shops and companies compete in employing semiotic signs to attract customers' attentions and for marketing purposes. The semiotic signs on the storefronts are of great importance and great influence, as they are the first signs that the customers see, and thus, they either attract the recipient’s interest and persuade them to visit the store, or they may have a negative impact and distract them from that. Despite the importance of shop fronts signs and the values ​​and creative communicative marks they bear, the applied studies published regarding this area of research are rare in the Arabic context.  In the current study, the researcher has analyzed random commercial front stores in Riyadh, in order to explore the visual signs used and its relationship to the linguistic text, as well as the functions that these signs perform. The results showed that visual signs were clearly employed in storefronts in Riyadh through the use of images, colors, and geometric shapes, and these signs were used to serve various purposes, such as the marketing function, the psychological function, the aesthetic function, and the expressive function. The research revealed that the visual and linguistic signs complement each other in a single front shop to convey an integrated meaning.

Abstract:  I have approached three topics  in the field of facilitating prosody  with study and analysis. They are as follows: 1- The attempt of Dr. Ibrahim Anis in his book “The Music of Poetry” 2-The attempt of Mr. Mahjoob Moussa in his book “ Problems of Prosody and their Solutions” 3- The attempt of Dr Ibrahim Assiri in his research paper “Terminology of Al Khalil’s Prosody between impeachment and amendment Through discussing these facilitating views and comparing them to Al-Khalil’s treatment of such issues , I have proved that most attempts haven’t gone beyond what Al Khalil said, as all  facilitators were found to repeat the talk about the phenomena that Al Khalil talked about , with or without the same term he used. In addition, the research has uncovered the philosophy of Al Khalil as he distinguishes different kinds of change in contrast with what facilitators saw when they  lumped them both  together under one name. Furthermore, I have reached the conclusion that drawing distinction between the two terms rather than joining them together is more likely to facilitate this discipline .  I have also proved that the hypotheses criticized by all the so called facilitators had prevented a lot of confusion , randomness and redundancy. At the same time , these hypothese put together consistent and  homogeneous musical rhythms, which does not upset the universal music of  the verse. These hypotheses posed by Al Khalil represent the most prominent features of his genius as well as prove the existence of a theoretical framework in this art which guarantees the continuity of its rules and keeps it from dispersion.Consequently, what Al Khalil did was the very essence of Facilitation.  In the fourth topic , I have introduced my own vision of facilitation of Prosody, where I see that real facilitation of prosody should start with the  innovation of prosody teaching strategy, and I have suggested some systematic steps that are likely to facilitate the study of prosody. Furthermore,  I have called for sufficing with Terminological meaning of prosody terms.  I have also submitted a proposal of  developing the  idea of encoding the terms of changes as well as creating a model which includes the ending letters of a verse together with their diacritical marks

Abstract: The research is concerned with investigating the analogy in the thought of Al-Ma'arri in his Diwan known as the " al- Luzūmīyāt " by explaining the concept of analogy in language, philosophy and rhetoric, and distinguishing the difference between the analogy used by  Al-Ma'arri, and the simile technique since the bases of analogy is different than the bases of simile, even though they fall within the art of tropes. Then discussing the logical aspect in which the analogy aspects are equal, and the poetic aspect in which you add analogy, as well as discussing it in term of trope and rhetoric. The research enumerates the ways from which Al-Ma'arri derived aspects of analogy, and it was found that the issues that concerned him were either from tangible or intangible realm, and through these two realms the structure of communication and separation emerged, which the simile technique helped to clarify and explain it. After listing the reasoning of the simile technique, the research is concerned with studying the philosophical implications to which the Diwan “al- Luzūmīyāt" belongs, and the discussion of the philosophical implications are divided into analyzing the  simile technique in the philosophical implications that related to metaphysics, and studying the philosophical implications in existentialism.

    Abstract: This study discusses the concept of blindness recounts, and it takes into account the novel of (Darkness Hostels) by the Saudi writer Majid Aljard as a sample for study and analysis. It introduces the idea of imaginary horizons and what is written by Philip John about (autobiographical pacts) and the criteria that shape the nature of that pact, in addition to the cognitive and cultural factors suggested by George May which contribute to the nature of (autobiographical novel) and making use of Paris semiotic school (Grimas) in the narrative programs and the cognitive significance perspective in analyzing narrative representations for the blindness narrator (Lyakov Fukoni). Then the study shifts to identify the criteria of this narration style and the effect of blindness impairment as a quality, situation or figure on the elements and constituents of narration, and the consequences that emerge as a result such as phenomena, perceptions, and formation mechanisms whether this is connected with the elements of speech or narration patterns and  putting in mind the use of other senses such as hearing, touch, smelling and tasting and whether they can replace eyesight in imaging and vision.

  Abstract : This research paper discuss the political status of the city of Jerusalem in the Umayyad period, and the evidences for the political activities  of the Umayyad  state in the city, whether in the field of architecture and buildings of a political and administrative affairs, or in the field of economy and what is expressed by struck coins of multiple styles.  Comparing this participation with what done in the Palestinian city of Ramla, which was mentioned in the historical references as the capital of the Jund of Palestine. Is it meant that Ramla is a political capital or just a center of economic activity?. while the city of Jerusalem undertake the political and diplomatic activities of the state as well as its spiritual status. That’s indicating that the capital of the political jund  of Palestine in the Umayyad period was the city of Jerusalem and not the city of Ramla.

Abstract : The Battle of the Field of Blood or Sarmada, in which Muslims defeated the Crusaders in 513 AH / 1119 AD, was one of the significant historical battles as it came after the Crusaders invaded the Sham and established four Crusader emirates: Al-Raha and Tripoli, Bayt Al-Maqdis and Antioch. The Muslim front was in its weakest status due to rupture and conflicts among Muslim leaders, which consequently led to weary determination and firmness. In this material and moral collapse, Najm ad-Din Ilghazi ibn Artuq, ruler of  Aleppo could unify the word of the Muslims and annihilate Roger of Salerno 's Crusader army of the  Principality of Antioch , who fell dead in the field of the battle. Few knights could escape. The massacre led to the name of the battle, given by the Europeans, “the field of blood". The balance has shifted and the Muslims regained self-confidence; it gave them lessons in solidarity and unification, and broke the barrier of fear made by the Crusaders. It was an important step towards the Islamic victories and the liberation of Jerusalem from the hands of the Crusaders thereafter.

Abstract:   The Islamic world witnessed a brutal attack at the end of the 5 th century AH /11 th century AD. The attack, known as the Crusades, led to the formation of political entities in the Levant, near the Muslim properties. Between the expansion of these entities and the Muslim resistance, prisoners were taken from both sides. The methods and types of captivity varied. It ranged from direct military operations, raids, and ground and maritime operations. The prisoners were from different categories including military leaders, soldiers, merchants, travelers, pilgrims, and common people. Each side tried to use prisoners in many ways including exchange. Various motives stood behind this exchange including the importance of the captive, the need for money, and the need for the services of the captives from both opposing sides. The operations of exchange were either swap exchange or in return for money. They were achieved in accordance with specific mechanisms that enabled both parties to complete the exchange and save their prisoners. 

Abstract : This research deals with the period extending from the end of the first Saudi State to the beginning of the second Saudi states. This period witnessed the invasion of many military campaigns sent by Muhammad Ali Basha of Egypt, and the second Saudi State suffering from some setbacks until the time of the second period of Imam Faisal bin Turky’s reign. The research also focuses in details on the governor of Makkah at the time, Sharif Muhammad bin Abdul-Moein Aoun in two aspects: first, his relations with Muhammad Ali Basha, the ruler of Egypt. The second aspect is his military campaign to Najd (1263AH/ 1847AD), discussing, who ordered the campaign, the reasons behind it, describing its route and results on both sides: the Saudi, represented by Imam Faisal bin Turky, and the Ottman-Egyptian, represented by Muhammad Ali Basha.

Abstract: Date palm is the most important agricultural crop in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which is the third largest in the world in terms of annual production, which amounted to 1.95158 tons for the year 2013 AD (General Authority for Statistics 2015, p. 422). The increase in production had a clear impact on the state’s interest in the necessity of organizing dates markets in which commercial transactions are subject to laws and regulations that regulate its operations and protect the product and the consumer. This research aims to study the date market in Unaizah in terms of its characteristics, and to evaluate the production and spatial relationships of a market, in addition to assessing the marketing components of the market in terms of directions of transport and storage paths and problems faced by traders in this market. The results of the study have shown that trading in the market is through two types of wholesalers, wholesalers and retailers, and that most of these traders (26%) own stores outside the market, and that the majority of transportation is by small transport cars (71%), and that one of the most prominent The marketing problems experienced by merchants, the low selling price at certain times (23%) and the absence of a marketing company (19%), while the rest of the problems come in later ranks. The results of evaluating the marketing components showed that poor transportation comes at the top of the marketing ingredients that affect the merchants, This is followed by the extent to which the demand is compatible with the supply, poor storage and lack of employment, while the extent of receiving government or private support comes in the last ranks The results of this study have shown that by establishing the date market in Unaizah, many goals could be achieved, but the market still needs to introduce a system of production and marketing within an information database to raise the marketing efficiency and develop its services in addition to adopting modern systems, whether in storage or putting sun visors in order to maintain the quality Dates, in addition to finding an operating company to invest in stores inside the market.  

Abstract: Cultural representations of other cultures and people is a rich theme in literature. Throughout ages, literature has functioned as an expression and reflection of humanity, human behaviors and perceptions, and has stood  as a valuable source of knowledge, understanding and interacting with other cultures and people. However, such understanding might sometimes be blurred by lack of enough knowledge of the ‘other’ that ultimately results in (mis)representations of other cultures and people belonging to that culture. When either the East or the West comes under the influence of ‘us the superior’ and ‘them the inferior’ then misrepresentation is bound to occur. One clear example of this cultural discrepancy is the West and the East through different historical periods starting from the Dark Ages to the present time. Literature and men of letters are expected to represent other cultures and people in a true and objective way to boost mutual understanding of each other, particularly in the age of globalism and emerging issues of global concern that bring humanity together more than ever before. The present research discusses issues of cultural representations and misrepresentations in The Giaour by the major British writer Lord Byron. The research methodology used in this study is qualitative: the text is thematically analyzed focusing on cultural mis/representations in The Giaour . As described by Lord Byron, The Giaour is a Turkish tale poem. In The Giaour , there are two main characters; the Giaour, a Christian, and Leila, an Ottoman slave girl. Both had an illicit relationship that was deemed to be socially unacceptable as both major characters belong to different cultures. Byron’s treatment of the incident reflects a lack of sufficient understanding of the Eastern culture that was not deliberate. In addition, there were some examples of contradictions between Byron’s personal perceptions versus an established social norm of the other culture. Thus, there is a need for correct and mutual understanding of cultures to avoid misrepresentations. If such a practice might be understandable, it can by no means be accepted from a well renowned writer like Byron.